Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 16، number In Volume 5، August 2023 ، issue Number 87

Investigating the sociological causes of the spread of mysticism and Sufism in the Qajar period based on the remaining manuscripts (Relying on the version of the Kanz al-ma’aref)

Marjan Bagherzadeh , Ahmadreza Yalmeha (Author in Charge)

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Among the various periods of Iran"s political, social and cultural history from various aspects including mysticism and Sufism, the Qajar era has received less attention from researchers; This is despite the fact that the spread of mysticism and Sufism in Iran led to the writing of many mystical books and manuscripts during this period. The purpose of this research is to clarify the topics and intellectual contexts and flow of reasons for paying attention to Sufism in mystical books, including manuscripts.

METHODOLOGY: The research method in this descriptive-analytical essay is based on library studies.

FINDINGS: In the political, social and cultural history of Iran, the period of Qajar rule has special characteristics that distinguish it from other periods; The Qajar era was a time of important changes in Iranian society. The different thoughts of the Qajar kings in supporting the mystics, the people"s disillusionment with the political, social, economic and cultural situations and conditions, and turning away from the salus and delusions of some scholars of the age, created the arena for the emergence and re-emergence of mystical tendencies and clinging to the mystics to solve spiritual problems. and to create peace of mind among different sections of the society.

CONCLUSION: After the extinction of the Safavid rule, various factors including the support of the Qajar kings to Sufism and mysticism, including the sect of Nematullahiyya, the people"s disillusionment with the economic and political conditions that caused mysticism to be considered as a refuge and refuge, The continuous and persistent efforts of some elders and leaders of Sufism in the direction of propagating and spreading mystical ideas, paying attention to the art of calligraphy, and the dissatisfaction of many people in the society with the scholars and ascetics of the era, all caused attention to the category of mysticism, the spread of mystical books and manuscript writing. It was during this time.

Keyword
Qajar rule , spread of mysticism and Sufism , Kanz al-Ma’aref , sociological factors , manuscript

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